Comparisons of US and European Dynamic Side Impacts

I. ����

���� �Ϲ̿� �������� ���� FMVSS 214�� European Directive 96/27/EC��� ���� �ٸ� �����浹 ���� ���԰� �ִ�. �̷��� ������ ������ ���� �װ��� �⺻��ҷ� �����ȴ�.

1) Test vehicle

2) Deformable barrier

3) Anthropomorphic Test Devices (ATD)

4) Test requirements

�Ϲ̿� ������ ���� �浹 ������ ��� ������ �°��� �ŵ��� �����ϱ� ���� ���������, ���� �װ��� ��Ҹ� ���� ���� ���� �ٸ� Ư���� ������.

 

II. Procedure Comparisons

    Comparison of Test Procedures

1) NHTSA dynamic side impact procedure

  • �̱����� �Ǹŵǰ� �ִ� �¿����� ���� ���ߵǾ�����, 1998�� 9�� 1�Ϻ��� GVWR 6000 lbs������ Ʈ������ Ȯ�� �����.
  • U.S. DOT SID dummy�� �浹���� ��, �� �¼��� ����
  • Barrier�� ���� �ٸ� ������ ���� Honeycomb�� �̿��Ͽ� barrier bumper(245psi)�� barrier body(45psi)�� �����Ǹ�, �̴� �̱� ������ ��� ũ��� ������ ��Ÿ����.
  • Barrier�� �浹������ 27° �̸�, �ӵ��� 33.5mph�̴�.

2) European Directive dynamic side impact procedure

  • �������� �Ǹŵǰ� �ִ� M1�� N1 ������ ���� ���ߵǾ�����, barrier type, vehicle/barrier heght, dummy seating position�� ���� ������ ���� �������̴�.
  • NHTSA�� ������� ���� ��, barrier face, dummy, dummy measurements, impact speed and direction�� ���� ��� ������ �ٸ���.
  • �ϳ��� EUROSID-1 dummy�� �浹���� ���¼��� ����
  • barrier spec.�� load-deformation�ŵ��� ���� corridors�� �����ϸ�, �پ��� ������ barrier�� �ִ�.
  • Barrier face�� �پ��� ������ ���� �������� block���� �����Ǹ�, ���� ������ ��� ũ��� ������ ��Ÿ����.
  • Barrier�� �浹������ �����̸�, �ӵ��� 31mph�̴�.

    Comparison of Dummies

1) NHTSA (FMVSS 214)

  • Two U.S. DOT SID : front and rear seat
  • Injury criteria

    - Thoracic Trauma Index (TTI), peak lateral Pelvis acceleration

  • SID Dummy Positioning

    - in mechenical mid position and full down

    - Seat back : nominal or 25 degrees

    - Head rests full up

    - Lumbar supports in lowest position

    - Arm rests are lowered

2) European Directive (96/27/EC)

  • one EuroSID-1 : front seat
  • Injury criteria

      - Head Performance (HPC), Thorax Rib Deflection, Thorax Soft Tissue (V*C), Abdominal Peak Force, Pubic Symphosis Peak Force

  • EuroSID-1 Positioning

    - Anywhere along the full seat track travel and full down

    - Arm is set at 40 degrees

    Comparison of Barriers

Table 1����ó��, ���� �ʱ�ӵ��� ����, pre-impact���¿��� NHTSA barrier�� European barrier���� �� 40%���� ���� ��������� ���´�. ����, �̱��� ������ ������ �ͺ��� ��������� ũ�� ���� ������ ���� ������, NHTSA barrier�� European���� �� ũ�� �ܴ��ϴ�.

European barrier face�� �� �۰�, B-pillar���� �����ϰ�, NHTSA barrier face�� hinge pillar�� B-pillar��ο� �������� Figure 1���� �� �� �ִ�.

Table 1. Comparison of Side Impact Barriers

Test

Barrier Wt

Barrier Speed

Impact Angle

Barrier Height

NHTSA

1360 kg

15.0 m/s

27°

280 mm

European

950 kg

13.8 m/s

0°

300 mm

����

��

Figure 1. Comparison of Barrier Overlap with Bodyside

(NHTSA top / European bottom)

 

III. Energy Analysis

 

Figure 2�� mid size vehicle�� �����浹�� ������ ���, vehicle�� barrier������ ���������� ���� ������ ��Ÿ���µ�, European barrier�� �� ���� �������� �������� �� �� �ִ�.

�������� �������� �����ϴ� �ֿ� �������� 1) Body side, 2) front door, 3) rear door�̸�, 60ms������ �������� �����ϰ� �Ǵµ�, �̴� front floor pan, seat cross members, roof panel�� ���� backup �����������̴�. ���� NHTSA test condition������ �޹��� EEC condition���� �� ���� �������� �����ϴ� ��, �̴� NHTSA�� 27�� �浹 ��簢 �����̴�.

 

Figure 2. Comparison of Vehicle and Barrier Energy Absorption in European and NHTSA Side Impact

 

 

IV. Intrusion Comparison (Figure 3 ����)

 

1) NHTSA deformation pattern

  • barrier bumper�� ����, �յ޹��� �ϴܰ� hinge pillar�� �Ʒ��κ��� �����Ǿ�����, �޹����� mid belt line�� ���� ���������� �߻�.
  • Deformation pattern�� �����ϰ�, �������� ���� �ִµ�, �̴� ����� �ӵ� ���Ͷ����̴�.

2) European Directive

  • US procedure�� ���Ҷ�, B-pillar�� roof side rail joint���� ���� ���� ������ �߻�������, hinge pillar��� ��������� ������ ����.
  • belt line profile�� ������ ��Ÿ���� ��, �̴� ���� �浹�� soft barrier edge�����̴�.

 

V. Front Dummy Responses

FMVSS 214 requirement�� Pelvic G�� TTI�ε� ����, EuroSID-1�� HPC, rib displacements, V*C, abdomen load, pubic symphosis load��� ���� �پ��� ������ ������ �� �ִ�.

SID������ TTI�䱸������ ������Ű�� ��ư�, EuroSID-1������ rib deflection�䱸������ ������Ű�� ���� ����� ��ƴ�.

����, European Directive test condition�� ������Ű�� �ͺ��� US test�� ������Ű�� ���� �� ����. �ٽ� ����, ���� ���߽� European Directive�� �䱸������ ������Ű��, US �䱸���ǵ� �����ϰ� �� ���̴�.

 

Figure 3. Body Side and Door Deformation of a Vehicle in NHTSA and European Side Impacts

VI. Unified US/European Approach

: NHTSA Side Impact with EuroSID-1 Dummy.

NHTSA�� European test condition�� �Ϲ�ȭ���� �� �� �ִ� ��3�� ���������� NHTSA test procedure�� �ΰ��� EuroSID-1�� �յ� �¼��� �ΰ� �����ϴ� ���̴�.

NHTSA barrier�� ���, door�� �ϴܺο� ���� ���� intrusion�� �߻��ϱ� ������, US/European Setup���� abdomen�� pubic symphosis load�� ���� lower torso response�� European Directive condition���� ���� ���� ��Ÿ����.

VII. Conclusions

  1. European Directive condition�� �䱸������ �����ϴ� ������ NHTSA�� �䱸���ǵ� ������ ���̴�.
  2. European barrier face�� NHTSA�� deformable barrier���� �� ���� �������� �����Ѵ�.
  3. ������ European barrier face�� door panel�� ��ü������ ��׷��߸�����, NHTSA barrier�� door�� �Ʒ��κ��� �ַ� ��׷��߸���.
  4. �����浹�� �ֵ� ���������� �������� body side, front door, rear door���̴�.
  5. Unified US/European test condition�� NHTSA side impact condition�� ������ ������ response�� ������, ���¼� dummy�� ������ ����� �ٸ���.
  6. Unified US/European test prodedure�� global vehicle������ ���� �����浹������ �ܼ�ȭ�� ���� ������ �ذ����� �� �� ���� ���̴�.